External Anatomy of the Brain
This atlas emphasizes views of the interior of the human central nervous system (CNS) , sectioned in various planes. Here in the first chapter we lay some of the groundwork…
Building a Brain: Three-Dimensional Reconstructions
The interior of the forebrain is occupied by a series of structures that fit neatly together in three-dimensional space. As a consequence of the embryological development of the brain, some…
Transverse Sections of the Spinal Cord
The spinal cord is perhaps the most simply arranged part of the central nervous system (CNS). Its basic structure, indicated in a schematic drawing of the eighth cervical segment (…
Spinal Cord Ependymoma
Introduction Spinal cord ependymomas are the most common intramedullary tumor in adults and the second most common tumor in children after astrocytomas. Ependymomas typically present within the fourth decade of…
Esthesioneuroblastoma
Introduction Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma) is an uncommon malignancy of the nasal cavity. Esthesioneuroblastoma represents 3% to 6% of sinonasal malignancies and has an estimated incidence of 0.4 cases per 1…
Paraganglioma
Introduction Paragangliomas of the head and neck are rare neoplasms of neural crest cell origin. The four most common sites for paragangliomas within the head and neck are at the…
Paget’s Disease
Introduction Paget’s disease, or osteitis deformans, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by increased bone turnover and breakdown secondary to excessive and disorganized osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity ( Fig. 48.1…
Otospongiosis
Introduction Otospongiosis, also known as otosclerosis, is a progressive primary bone disorder of abnormal bone resorption and deposition. The majority of cases result in a progressive conductive hearing loss with…
IgG4-Related Disease in the Head and Neck
Introduction Background IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a relatively recently recognized fibroinflammatory condition of unknown etiology characterized by elevated serum IgG4, plasmacytic infiltration, multifocal tumefactive fibrosis, and clinical improvement by steroid…
Vocal Cord Augmentation/Injection Laryngoplasty
Introduction Injection laryngoplasty is performed for treatment of vocal cord paralysis, which may have a variety of causes ( Box 46.1 ). Imaging during a Valsalva maneuver demonstrates the mechanical…
