Neupsy Key

Introduction Weakening and eventual rupture of the carotid artery is one of the most devastating complications of advanced head and neck cancer treatment. The clinical signs and symptoms related to…

Introduction There are various forms of orbital infection, including those listed in the Jain-Rubin classification: 1. Periorbital cellulitis 2. Orbital cellulitis with or without intracranial complications 3. Orbital abscess with…

Introduction Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory destruction of the body’s exocrine glands and may be considered primary or secondary, in association with other autoimmune…

Introduction A cholesteatoma is a cystic mass filled with keratin and lined by stratified squamous epithelium. Cholesteatoma is not a neoplasm and can be thought of most simply as skin…

Introduction Spinal cord astrocytomas are quite uncommon and account for only 3% to 4% of all central nervous system (CNS) astrocytomas. Furthermore, although intracranial glioblastomas are the most common primary…

Introduction Anomalies arising from the third and fourth branchial cleft remnants are quite rare. In particular, branchial abnormalities related to the pharynx are only a small subset of the already…

Introduction Labyrinthitis, also known as otitis interna, is an inflammatory disorder of the inner ear. Inflammation of the perilymphatic spaces results in secondary changes within the membranous labyrinth, the most…

Introduction Deformities along the dorsal aspect of the thoracic spinal cord are occasionally identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), often in patients presenting with myelopathy ( Fig. 36.1 ). A…

Introduction Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), thyroid eye disease (TED), dysthyroid/TAO, and Graves orbitopathy all refer to a poorly understood autoimmune phenomenon resulting in the adipogenesis of orbital fat. An estimated 40%…

Introduction Hirayama disease is a rare, slowly progressive, and self-limiting cervical myelopathy related to neck flexion in young adults. It is characterized by a pure focal amyotrophy in the C7-T1…