Introduction Central nervous system–immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (CNS-IRIS) represents a diverse group of disorders, all of which are characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response to either a dead or dying…
Introduction Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) refers to a potentially reversible neurotoxic state occurring in association with vasogenic cerebral edema. Although the reported age range varies between 4 and 90…
Introduction Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic subacute demyelinating infection of the central nervous system (CNS) first described in 1958. The causative agent is the polyomavirus JC that has…
Introduction Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium . The central nervous system (CNS), eyes, and muscles are the most commonly involved…
Introduction Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a microangiopathy defined by progressive deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ) in the walls of distal cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. The resulting small vessel damage…
Introduction Autoimmune encephalitis refers to a recently recognized group of immune-mediated disorders that involve the central nervous system (CNS). These conditions, which overlap in their clinical manifestations and imaging findings,…
Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii . This parasite may be acquired in utero or through the ingestion…
Introduction Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) was originally described by . He first detailed the entity in a group of malnourished and alcoholic patients. Further studies and advancement in medicine have…
Introduction Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most common cause of fatal sporadic encephalitis worldwide. In adults and older children, most cases of HSE are caused by the herpes simplex…
Key Wordssubdural hematoma, subdural hygroma, intracranial hemorrhage Introduction The accurate age determination of a subdural hemorrhage is one of the most common and basic assessments in the setting of…
