Wernicke Encephalopathy
Introduction Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) was first described in 1881 by Carl Wernicke as a “superior acute hemorrhagic polioencephalitis.” WE is now recognized as a complication of thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency…
Brain Parenchymal Hematoma Evolution
Key WordsBrain, Parenchymal, Hemorrhage, Hematoma Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can differentiate between acute, subacute, and chronic hemorrhage because of its sensitivity and specificity to hemoglobin degradation products. Therefore…
Comprehensive Care in Multiple Sclerosis: The Nursing Professional as a Linchpin
Comprehensive Care in Multiple Sclerosis: The Nursing Professional as a Linchpin June Halper Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, chronic, lifelong condition of adults that has a widespread impact…
Exercise Prescription in Multiple Sclerosis
Exercise Prescription in Multiple Sclerosis Herbert I. Karpatkin Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of mobility. Although the underlying pathology of demyelination, inflammation, and axonal loss is the target…
Palliative Medicine in Multiple Sclerosis
Palliative Medicine in Multiple Sclerosis Misa Hyakutake Mary Ann Picone Introduction Although significant strides have been made in treatment, multiple sclerosis (MS) is often a debilitating disease, and patients are…
The Presence, Type, and Burden of Walking, Gait, and Balance Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis
The Presence, Type, and Burden of Walking, Gait, and Balance Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis Stephanie L. Silveira Robert W. Motl Francois Bethoux Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and…
Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery Mostafa El Khashab Constantine J. Pella Introduction Neurologists are usually the principal providers for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are many reasons when referral to neurosurgery is…
Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis
Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis Francois Bethoux Randy Karim Robert W. Motl Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that is commonly treated with disease-modifying drugs (DMDs), but there is increasing…
Multiple Sclerosis and General Anesthetic Considerations
Multiple Sclerosis and General Anesthetic Considerations Christopher Der Quy Tran Sydney Yee Introduction Although medical management is the mainstay of treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), people with MS undergo operations…
Pain Management in Multiple Sclerosis
Pain Management in Multiple Sclerosis Andrui Nazarian Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease with a high prevalence of pain.1 Although one may not typically think of pain…
