Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Intracerebral Hemorrhage For individuals with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the reported 30-day survival rate ranges from 40% to 70%; immediate functional prognosis with ICH is usually better than that with cerebral…
Cerebral Infarction
Cerebral Infarction MORTALITY After a person has had cerebral infarction (CI) (also referred to as ischemic stroke), the 30-day case fatality rate is approximately 20%. Survival after the first CI…
Transient Ischemic Attack
Transient Ischemic Attack Approximately 10% of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA; including all underlying mechanisms) have an ischemic stroke within 5 years of the first attack. Approximately 50% of…
Global Burden of Stroke
Global Burden of Stroke Over the last three decades global stroke incidence and mortality rates have decreased. However, the absolute numbers of people affected by stroke, and those who die…
Carotid or Vertebral Artery Occlusive Disease
Carotid or Vertebral Artery Occlusive Disease Carotid or vertebral artery disease may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. Factors that are associated with an increased risk for ischemic stroke related to carotid…
Hematologic Disease
Hematologic Disease Sickle cell disease is an inherited disease that is characterized by the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin. Stroke (most commonly ischemic) is a major complication of sickle cell…
Unruptured Intracranial Vascular Malformations
Unruptured Intracranial Vascular Malformations Intracranial vascular malformations such as arteriovenous malformation (AVM), cavernous malformation (CM), capillary telangiectasia, developmental venous anomaly (DVA), and vein of Galen malformation are congenital developmental abnormalities…
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) constitute a significant public health issue. Several large autopsy studies have reported a wide range in the overall frequency of intracranial aneurysms, varying…
Other Host Factors
Other Host Factors TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK Because transient ischemic attack (TIA) predisposes to stroke, its prevention (modification of lifestyle as outlined in Chapter 24 and therapy for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and…
Dyslipidemia
Dyslipidemia To illustrate the heterogeneity that exists among various dyslipidemias, some of the different primary (inherited) and secondary disorders associated with each lipoprotein phenotype are outlined in Table 27-1. Major…
