Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy
Introduction With an incidence of 3 to 5 per 100,000, glioblastoma fulfills the criteria of a rare cancer. Despite this, glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive primary brain…
Epidemiology of Glioblastoma and Trends in Glioblastoma Survivorship
Incidence of glioblastoma Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumor in adults. Of the gliomas, glioblastoma (astrocytoma grade IV) is the most common, and represents approximately 27%…
Multimodality Targeting of Glioma Cells
Acknowledgments This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R00HL103792 and R01NS094533 , University of Pennsylvania Neuro-oncology Innovation Award, and McCabe Award (to Y. Fan). Glioma is the…
Radiographic Detection and Advanced Imaging of Glioblastoma
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge our colleagues and teachers in neuroradiology at the University of Pennsylvania for their insights on brain tumor imaging, particularly Drs Ronald Wolf, Linda…
Principles and Tenets of Radiation Treatment in Glioblastoma
Standard-of-care radiation regimens Historical Context of Radiation Therapy and Dose Historically, standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) was surgical resection alone. The first randomized trial to show a survival benefit with…
Chemotherapeutics and Their Efficacy
Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain malignancy, carries a poor prognosis and has therefore been the subject of numerous studies attempting to improve outcomes. Although a plethora of…
Antiangiogenic Therapy for Glioblastoma
Introduction This chapter reviews the history of angiogenesis and how it was recognized as an essential mechanism for tumor establishment and growth. From the initial recognition of tumor vascularity to…
Disorders of Cranial Volume and Shape
The brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood are the three intracranial compartments that determine the size of the skull during infancy. Expansion of one compartment comes at the expense of…
Disorders of the Visual System
Both congenital and acquired visual impairments in children are often associated with neurological disorders. The most common visual disorders are uncorrected refractive errors, amblyopia, strabismus, cataracts, and genetic disorders. Assessment…
Lower Brainstem and Cranial Nerve Dysfunction
This chapter will review disorders causing dysfunction of the VII through XII cranial nerves. Many such disorders also disturb ocular motility and the discussion of these is in Chapter 15…
