A Diabetic Man With Hand Numbness and Fainting Spells
A 66-year-old insulin-dependent diabetic man was seen because of mild hand tremors and numbness in the first three fingers of his right hand, which made it difficult for him to…
An Elderly Woman With Numbness in the Hands
An 82-year-old woman with a long-standing history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) recently suffered a hip fracture that caused difficulty walking, forcing her to use a walker. She presented with numbness…
Chapter 2 – ICD-11 + DSM-5 = A Diagnostic Babel
Summary The ICD and DSM are both useful systems of psychiatric diagnosis, alike enough to be roughly comparable, but different enough to cause confusion and misuse. Both systems are in wide…
Chapter 1 – Development and Innovation in the ICD-11 Chapter on Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Summary This chapter describes the context of the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) related to mental health. It contains an explanation of the procedure adopted in…
Combinatorial Technologies Leveraging Robotics in Spine Surgery
Introduction Technological innovations over the past several decades have enabled spine surgeons to steadily increase the safety and efficacy of procedures performed with a focus on improving outcomes, while minimizing…
Databases, Study Groups, and Evidence in Robotic Spine Surgery
Introduction A large amount of literature related to spine surgery is plagued by retrospective design and small sample sizes resulting in a lack of statistical power. This is particularly true…
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Spine Surgery
Introduction of Technology While investigations into incorporating machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) into medicine have been numerous and diverse, their aggregate contributions have altered and revolutionized clinical practice….
Virtual and Augmented Reality in Spine Surgery
Introduction of Technology The utilization of surgical intelligence technologies has evolved since the inception of medicine. Epstein et al. pioneered the use of intraoperative ultrasound for the resection of intramedullary…
Use of Activity Monitors in Enhancing Spine Surgery
Introduction of technology Outcome Measurement: Present Practice and Standard of Care How outcomes are determined after spine surgery has shifted from subjective and solely physician-based to patient-centered and patient-reported. The…
Cost-Effectiveness of Robotic and Navigation Systems
Introduction Substantial technological innovation has been made in spine surgery over the last few decades. This innovation has ranged from improvement in operative techniques, surgical implants, and biologics to improved…
