Antiepileptic Drugs: How to Choose
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Following the diagnosis of epilepsy and making the decision to start a treatment, as discussed in the prior chapter, the clinician must choose the most appropriate…
Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Children with Epilepsy
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Children with epilepsy are at an increased risk for behavioral or psychiatric comorbidities.1,2 Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other behavioral difficulties (e.g., impulsivity, inattention) may be…
Cognitive Deficits in Children with Epilepsy
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Cognitive problems among children with epilepsy are of paramount concern. Cognition includes a variety of skills such as intelligence, attention, learning, remembering, reasoning, judging, planning, and…
Epilepsy Associated with Chromosomal Disorders
OVERVIEW Print Section Listen Many chromosomal anomalies are associated with childhood-onset epilepsy with distinctive features. Accurate electroclinical delineation helps identify chromosomal anomalies in infants classified with cryptogenic epilepsy. Chromosomal disorders…
Learning Disabilities and ADHD in Children with Epilepsy
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Children with epilepsy are at risk for cognitive disorders. They experience more academic underachievement and frequently suffer from impaired attention. These problems are found even in…
Hypothalamic Hamartoma and Gelastic Epilepsy
OVERVIEW Print Section Listen Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are congenital mass lesions in the region of the third ventricle and tuber cinereum. Their true prevalence is unknown and is approximated to…
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Status epilepticus is the most common neurological emergency in childhood and continues to be associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Although the main determinant of adverse…
Hemispheric Disorders Associated with Cortical Malformation
OVERVIEW Print Section Listen Disorders of neurogenesis, neuronal maturation, and proliferation are responsible for many severe forms of childhood epilepsy. They may arise in discrete cortical areas or involve widespread…
Acquired Epileptic Aphasia (Landau–Kleffner Syndrome)
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS Print Section Listen Acquired epileptic aphasia1 is an epileptic syndrome described in the International Classification of Epilepsies by the eponym Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS). Typical LKS2,3 is…
Convulsive Status Epilepticus
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening medical emergency that requires prompt recognition and treatment. SE is not a specific disease but rather a manifestation of a…
