Cervical disk herniation is a common problem affecting approximately 1 in 1000 adults in the United States. Although it typically causes radicular pain in a dermatomal distribution (radiculopathy), it can…
Thoracic disk herniations are uncommon surgical lesions that exist along a continuum of surgical complexity from the relatively straightforward to the extremely challenging depending on their anatomic relationship to the…
Degenerative cervical spondylosis is a common cause of multilevel cervical stenosis that can result in symptomatic radiculopathy or myelopathy depending on the location of compression. The indications for surgical management…
Chapter Summary Thalamus Thalamic nuclei Thalamic peduncles Epithalamus Study guidelines 1. Describe the characteristics of the thalamic nuclei within the specific or relay, association, and nonspecific nuclei groups. 2. List…
Chapter Summary Gross anatomy Boundaries Subdivisions and nuclei Functions Hypothalamic control of the pituitary gland Other hypothalamic connections and functions Box Circumventricular organs Clinical Panels Major depression Hypothalamic disorders Study…
Chapter Summary Olfactory system Olfactory epithelium Olfactory bulb Limbic system Parahippocampal gyrus Hippocampal complex Insula Cingulate cortex and posterior parahippocampal gyrus Amygdala Nucleus accumbens Septal area Basal forebrain BOX Pain…
Chapter summary Neurophysiologic basis of the EEG Technique Types of patterns Normal EEG rhythms Abnormal EEG rhythms CLINICAL PANELS Narcolepsy Seizures Study guidelines 1. Be able to describe the origin…
Chapter summary Structure Laminar organisation Columnar organisation Cell types Afferents Efferents Cortical areas Investigating functional anatomy Sensory areas Somatic sensory cortex (areas 3, 1, 2) Somatic sensory association area (area…
Chapter Summary Retina Structure of the retina Central visual pathways Optic nerve, optic tract Geniculocalcarine tract and primary visual cortex CLINICAL PANEL Lesions of the visual pathways Study guidelines 1….
Chapter Summary Sensory evoked potentials Visual evoked potentials Brainstem auditory evoked potentials Somatosensory evoked potentials Motor evoked potentials Motor training BOX Acupuncture Study guidelines 1. Describe the general methodology performed…
