Chapter Summary Anatomy of the ventral grey horn Cell columns Cell types Descending motor pathways Corticospinal tract Upper and lower motor neurons Reticulospinal tracts Tectospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract Raphespinal tract…
Chapter Summary Auditory system The cochlea Cochlear nerve Central auditory pathways Functional anatomy Descending auditory pathways Deafness CLINICAL PANEL Two kinds of deafness Study guidelines 1. Describe the mechanism of…
Chapter Summary Hypoglossal nerve Phylogenetic note Supranuclear supply to the hypoglossal nucleus Spinal accessory nerve Glossopharyngeal, vagus, and cranial accessory nerves Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus and cranial accessory nerves CLINICAL PANELS…
Chapter summary Electrical synapses Chemical synapses Transmitter release Target cell receptor binding Transmitters and modulators Fate of neurotransmitters Amino acid transmitters Biogenic amine transmitters Neuropeptides Adenosine Nitric oxide CLINICAL PANEL…
Chapter summary Surface features Lobes Diencephalon Midline sagittal view of the brain Internal anatomy of the cerebrum Thalamus, caudate and lentiform nuclei, internal capsule Hippocampus and fornix Association and commissural…
Chapter summary Arterial supply of the forebrain Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery Neuroangiography Arterial supply to hindbrain Vertebral branches Basilar branches Venous drainage of the brain…
Chapter summary Development of the spinal cord The notochord Cellular differentiation Ascent of the spinal cord Neural arches Adult anatomy Distribution of spinal nerves Segmental sensory distribution: The dermatomes Segmental…
Chapter summary Nerve conduction studies Nerve conduction in the upper limb Nerve conduction in the lower limb Nerve root pathology Electromyography Needle electrode The normal electromyogram Some clinical applications CLINICAL…
Chapter summary Structure of the plasma membrane Ion channels Resting membrane potential Resting membrane permeability Response to stimulation: action potentials Electrotonic potentials The shape of action potentials Propagation Conduction velocities…
Chapter Summary Brainstem Ventral view Dorsal view Sectional views Spinal cord General features Internal anatomy Cerebellum Box Four decussations Study guidelines 1. Be able to recognise and label the locations…
