The pineal region can harbor highly diverse histologic tumor subtypes. Because optimal therapeutic strategies vary with tumor type, an accurate diagnosis is the foundation of enlightened management decisions. Either stereotactic…
Pineal region tumors represent 0.4% to 1.0% of intracranial tumors in American literature. Obtaining a tissue diagnosis is the cornerstone of the rational management of pineal lesions. The initial surgical…
The role of the neurosurgeon is critical for initiating preoperative evaluation and care for pineal region tumors. Preoperative evaluation of pineal region tumor can be simplified into a checklist: (1)…
Pineal cysts (PCs) are benign and often asymptomatic lesions of the pineal region that are typically small and do not change in size over time. PCs appear as small, well…
Tumors of the pineal region can arise from multiple cellular origins and thus represent a very heterogeneous group of pathologies. Such tumors include pineal parenchymal tumors, germ cell tumors, astrocytomas,…
The pineal gland has been studied through philosophy and science for thousands of years. Its role in human physiology was not well understood until the scientific community first started to…
Focal cooling may provide a safe, nondestructive alternative to resective and disconnective strategies that have been proposed or used to control refractory epilepsy. Observations of the effects of direct application…
Invasive electroencephalography via subdural implanted electrodes is essential for the identification and localization of the epileptogenic focus in a large percentage of cases of medically refractory epilepsy. The implantation of…
Epilepsy is characterized by intermittent, paroxysmal, hypersynchronous electrical activity that may remain localized and/or spread and severely disrupt the brain’s normal multitask and multiprocessing function. Epileptic seizures are the hallmarks…
Many factors underlying basic epileptic conditions determine the characteristics of epileptic seizures and the therapeutic outcome. Diagnosis and treatment rely on the clinical manifestations as well as electroencephalographic (EEG) epileptic…
