Imaging plays a major role in the identification, grading, and treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations and cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas. Digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard in the diagnosis…
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations and intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas represent two important classes of intracranial vascular lesions. This article recalls the history on which current technical advances, including diagnoses, characterization, and…
Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are relatively rare lesions consisting of anomalous connections between dural arteries and venous sinuses and/or cortical veins. Their clinical presentation is quite variable, with symptoms…
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are relatively rare congenital developmental vascular lesions. They may cause hemorrhagic stroke, epilepsy, chronic headache, or focal neurologic deficits, and the incidence of asymptomatic…
Glioblastoma multiforme constitutes the most common primary brain tumor and carries a grim prognosis for patients treated with conventional therapy including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. There has been a…
The diffuse nature of gliomas has long confounded attempts at achieving a definitive cure. The advent of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging made it increasingly apparent that gliomas could…
Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant primary brain tumor for which no cure has been developed. However, with aggressive surgical resection, radiation, and the advent of temozolomide, the overall survival of…
This article provides historical and recent perspectives related to the use of temozolomide for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Temozolomide has quickly become part of the standard of care for…
Irinotecan, cisplatin, and nitrosoureas have a long history of use in brain tumors, with demonstrated efficacy in the adjuvant treatment of malignant gliomas. In the era of temozolomide with concurrent…
The 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU; carmustine) polymer wafer (Gliadel) was developed for use in malignant glioma to deliver higher doses of chemotherapy directly to tumor tissue while bypassing systemic side effects. Phase…
