Pituitary adenomas frequently manifest with neuro-ophthalmic symptoms and signs. The location of the pituitary gland makes involvement of both the visual pathways and the ocular motor cranial nerves likely when…
Cushing disease (CD) is caused by overproduction of adrenocorticotropin by a pituitary adenoma (or, rarely, carcinoma). The diagnosis of CD requires distinguishing it from other hypercortisolemic states with a thorough…
Pituitary carcinomas are defined as malignant primary neoplasms of the adenohypophysis with either systemic or craniospinal metastases. Although pituitary adenomas are common, pituitary carcinomas only make up 0.1% to 0.2%…
Pituitary adenomas are generally considered benign tumors; however, a subset of these tumors displays aggressive behavior and are not easily cured. The protocol for nonsurgical treatment of aggressive pituitary lesions…
This article discusses contemporary use of external beam radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenoma patients. Specific techniques are discussed. In addition, indications and outcomes, including complications, are detailed. •…
The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to the sella turcica has been developed and refined for the treatment of pituitary lesions. Studies comparing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery with the traditional microscopic transsphenoidal technique…
Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas range from those causing significant hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction and visual field compromise to those being completely asymptomatic, detected either at autopsy or as incidental findings on imaging…
Magnetic resonance imaging is the fundamental imaging tool for the evaluation of tumors and other lesions of the pituitary gland and infundibulum. Abnormalities may arise within the pituitary itself, from…
Malignant tumors of the skull base are a fascinating group of tumors arising via disparate causes leading often to similar presentations. This article explores radiotherapy techniques applied to this group…
The ability to reliably reconstruct complex and sizable wounds has decreased the morbidity of skull base surgery substantially, preventing major complications and allowing treatment of tumors previously considered inoperable. Addressing…
