Abstract Motor neurons (MNs) are a diverse group of cells without which life would not be possible. MNs are responsible for integrating signals from the brain and the sensory systems…
Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal, neurodegenerative disorder whose pathological hallmark is the loss of motor neurons of the corticospinal pathway. While ALS is a heterogeneous disorder,…
Abstract Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of disorders defined by specific lower motor neuron involvement. Proximal 5q SMA, the most common of these disorders, is caused by loss…
Abstract Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder affecting muscle tone and function, primarily in children. Disease onset varies from in utero to adult, and its progression and severity…
Abstract The identification of disease-causing mutations has proven to be essential for our understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of human disorders. The identification of such genes can lead to…
Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease. ALS was first described in the medical literature in the mid-19th century, but despite its early recognition…
Abstract More than 30 years have already passed since the seminal article of Baker et al., in which a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse over the motor cortex (MC) was successfully…
Abstract This chapter is devoted to the birth and growth of the neuromodulation industry and the maturation of commercial products that accompanied the industry’s development. We will first take a…
Abstract Fatigue and attention disorders are common in modern society and can cause significant difficulties in the lives of those afflicted. Increases in cognitive fatigue are typically characterized by a…
Abstract This chapter will focus on the perspectives of the leaders of several neuromodulation companies regarding the issues and barriers to starting their companies. Starting a company from an idea…
