Abstract Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a severely debilitating, chronic disorder characterized by pain perceived to arise from the bladder, exacerbated by bladder filling, and associated with urinary urgency…
Abstract While restoration of inspiratory muscle function to restore breathing in ventilator-dependent spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects is an important clinical modality, restoration of expiratory muscle function may be even…
Abstract The “inflammatory reflex” is an important neural-immune mechanism that can be activated by electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) to drive pleiotropic antiinflammatory effects in the periphery. It has therefore…
Abstract The urogenital system has two major subdivisions: (1) the urinary tract, which is responsible for the production, storage, and elimination of urine, and (2) the genital tract, which is…
Abstract Many neuromodulation devices used to treat disease and injury are “open-loop” in nature and lack sensing and the algorithms required to automatically adjust or provide stimulation based on a…
Abstract The mammalian nervous system is essential to protecting the host against injury. Arguably the most important priority after traumatic injury is hemorrhage control. Herein we describe how the central…
Abstract The heart is controlled by dynamic interactions within the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS). This interaction occurs between intrathoracic extracardiac and intrinsic cardiac ganglia as well as between peripheral…
Abstract The course of many diseases can be significantly improved by therapeutic modulation of inflammation. Currently available therapy for regulation of inflammation is often suboptimal. There is great promise in…
Abstract Asthma is a debilitating and life-threatening disorder resulting in 2 million emergency room visits each year and 500,000 hospital admissions. Asthma is characterized, in part, by smooth muscle contraction,…
Abstract About 5%–7% of the general population in Western societies are affected by immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (El-Gabalawy et al., 2010) that include, but are not limited to, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, psoriatic…
