Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Abdominal Pain
Abstract In the United States alone, between 20% and 45% of population will suffer from chronic visceral pain during their lifetime. Fewer than 50%–70% of the patients will have a…
Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Central Sleep Apnea
Abstract Central sleep apnea (CSA) is highly prevalent, especially in patients with cardiovascular and neurological disorders. It has important detrimental effects on sleep quality and oxygenation, resulting in daytime sleepiness…
Upper Airway Neurostimulation to Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Abstract Upper airway neurostimulation of the hypoglossal nerve (Cranial Nerve XII) is a newly available therapy for a select group of patients suffering from moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea…
Stimulation for Inspiration
Abstract Mechanical ventilation (MV), although lifesaving, has significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. One of the primary causes of prolonged MV is diaphragm control abnormalities causing disuse atrophy. Diaphragm…
Baroreceptor Activation for Hypertension and Heart Failure
Abstract The rising incidence of hypertension and the increasing prevalence of treatment-resistant hypertension carry significant societal impact from a public health perspective. Nonpharmacologic adjuncts to the treatment of hypertension are…
The Development of Visual Prosthetic Devices to Restore Vision to the Blind
Abstract Aged related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are two degenerative diseases that affect mainly the photoreceptors layer, rendering the retina unable to translate light into biological signals…
Stimulation for the Return of Hearing
Abstract Highly useful hearing, including speech reception without any visual cues, can be reinstated or produced for the first time with a cochlear implant—a device that bypasses damaged or missing…
Neuromodulation for Refractory Angina and Heart Failure
Abstract Neuromodulation techniques have been used since the 1980s for treatment of refractory angina pectoris. In refractory angina (RA), pain relief is due to an antiischemic effect. There is strong…
Neuromodulation for Treatment of Dry Eye
Abstract Dry eye, a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface, leads to tear film instability, potentially resulting in tear film hyperosmolarity, ocular surface epithelial damage, and inflammation. Impaired…
Autonomic Control of the Heart
Abstract The cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a multilevel distributed neural network that extends from intrathoracic ganglia to the spinal cord, brainstem, and above. This interdependent network of central…
