Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Facial Pain
Abstract Facial pain is one of the most common pain syndromes encountered in adult patients. It is difficult to treat because pharmacological therapies are not always effective, presenting a significant…
Anatomy and Physiology Related to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Abstract Two factors determine the outcome of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), namely the anatomy of the peripheral nerve and its physiologic response. The morphology of peripheral nerves described in this…
A Review of Spinal Cord Stimulation Cost Studies
Abstract The most cost-effective treatment of chronic pain provides clinical advantages when compared with competing therapies and/or reduces the consumption of healthcare resources sufficiently to recapture its cost in a…
Ten Kilohertz (10 kHz) High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation
Abstract Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be a safe and efficacious treatment for chronic pain of various etiologies. A recent technological development, in the form of 10…
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for Pain Control
Abstract The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a novel neuromodulation target. In the 5 years since the introduction of a DRG stimulation system, international evidence has demonstrated its clinical effectiveness,…
Clinical Aspects of Burst Stimulation for Pain Control
Abstract Burst stimulation and high-frequency stimulation have recently caused a shift in focus of neuromodulation research from better targeting efforts to better communication with the nervous system. The inception of…
Complications of Spinal Cord Stimulation
Abstract Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a proven therapy for complex regional pain syndrome, failed back surgery syndrome, and other diseases. Although SCS is found to be cost effective, complications…
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Abstract Conventional or traditional spinal cord stimulation (SCS) (paresthesia forming, nonkilohertz frequency or burst, and paresthesia-free SCS) is used for peripheral neuropathic pain of multiple indications, such as failed back…
Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Low Back Pain
Abstract Although the most common application of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been the treatment of persistent pain following low back surgery, pain in the low back proper has proven…
Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Abstract Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) has specific diagnostic criteria which set it apart from many pain syndromes. Thus CRPS patients can be studied to evaluate the efficacy of various…
