Abstract Voltage-gated Na + channels exhibit three states: closed activatable, open activated, and closed inactivatable. At resting membrane potentials, about 75% of the channels are in the closed activatable state….
Abstract Launched in April 2013, the goal of the White House Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative is to catalyze the development of neurotechnology to provide new insights…
Abstract Neuromodulation has inherent advantages over many other invasive treatments, in that it is inherently nondestructive and reversible, and clinical evidence attests to its favorable risk/benefit ratio. Spinal cord stimulation…
Abstract This chapter briefly reviews the organization and gross structures of the central nervous system and its primary motor and sensory pathways. Keywords Brain, Nervous system, Pyramidal motor system, Sensory…
Abstract Psychological assessment of patients undergoing neuromodulation for chronic disorders has generally not kept pace with the advancements in the technology and its broadening application. This chapter describes how general…
Abstract This chapter turns to the history of the beginnings of the societies that are important to the founding of a medically relevant paradigm, in this instance, neuromodulation. The International…
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor. The traditional treatments for GBM, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, only modestly improve patient survival. Therefore, immunotherapy…
Immunotherapy provides the ideal candidate of therapeutic attack against malignant gliomas because it allows for targeting of cancer cells without the potential for nonspecific toxicity. This is important when glial…
This article provides a broad overview of the data, including laboratory and clinical studies, currently available on the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for treating cancer. The various forms of…
Recent advancements have made radiation and chemotherapy the standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblastomas. The use of these therapies has resulted in an increased diagnosis of pseudoprogression and radiation-induced…
