Prolactinomas are the most common hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas, comprising 40% of all pituitary tumors. Prolactinomas present a unique challenge for clinicians, as these tumors are amenable to either medical or…
Pituitary tumors are a unique class of intracranial neoplasms with the potential to disrupt hormone function and water metabolism. Preoperative and postoperative endocrine assessment is mandatory to recognize and promptly…
Recent evidence supports the notion that the incidence of Cushing disease is higher than previously thought. Transphenoidal surgery, in the hands of experienced neurosurgeons, is currently considered the first-line treatment…
Pituitary adenomas frequently manifest with neuro-ophthalmic symptoms and signs. The location of the pituitary gland makes involvement of both the visual pathways and the ocular motor cranial nerves likely when…
Cushing disease (CD) is caused by overproduction of adrenocorticotropin by a pituitary adenoma (or, rarely, carcinoma). The diagnosis of CD requires distinguishing it from other hypercortisolemic states with a thorough…
Pituitary carcinomas are defined as malignant primary neoplasms of the adenohypophysis with either systemic or craniospinal metastases. Although pituitary adenomas are common, pituitary carcinomas only make up 0.1% to 0.2%…
Pituitary adenomas are generally considered benign tumors; however, a subset of these tumors displays aggressive behavior and are not easily cured. The protocol for nonsurgical treatment of aggressive pituitary lesions…
This article discusses contemporary use of external beam radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenoma patients. Specific techniques are discussed. In addition, indications and outcomes, including complications, are detailed. •…
The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to the sella turcica has been developed and refined for the treatment of pituitary lesions. Studies comparing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery with the traditional microscopic transsphenoidal technique…
Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas range from those causing significant hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction and visual field compromise to those being completely asymptomatic, detected either at autopsy or as incidental findings on imaging…
