Encephalopathic Generalized Epilepsy and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Kevin Farrell William O. Tatum IV Some generalized epilepsies are associated with cognitive dysfunction and encephalopathy. The clinical features of the seizures commonly observed…
The Myoclonic Epilepsies Renzo Guerrini Paolo Bonanni Carla Marini Lucio Parmeggiani The term myoclonic has traditionally designated a large group of epilepsies characterized by repeated brief jerks, often responsible for…
Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Syndromes of Childhood and Adolescence Tobias Loddenkemper Selim R. Benbadis Jose M. Serratosa Samuel F. Berkovic TERMINOLOGY The term idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) was defined in the…
Idiopathic and Benign Partial Epilepsies of Childhood Elaine C. Wirrell Carol S. Camfield Peter R. Camfield The benign and idiopathic partial epilepsies (IPEs) of childhood account for approximately one-fifth of…
Symptomatic Focal Epilepsies Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer Certain epileptic disorders are characterized by clusters of signs and symptoms that are considered epileptic syndromes. Because most of these syndromes have numerous etiologic factors,…
Classification of the Epilepsies Tobias Loddenkemper Hans O. Lüders Imad M. Najm Elaine Wyllie The most widely used system for classification of epilepsies was proposed in 1989 by the Commission…
Epileptic Spasms W. Donald Shields Susan Koh In 1841, James West wrote a letter to Lancet describing an infant with a “peculiar” seizure disorder (1). He gave a remarkably clear…
Atypical Absence, Myoclonic, Tonic, and Atonic Seizures William O. Tatum IV Kevin Farrell Atypical absence, myoclonic, tonic, and atonic seizures are all types of generalized seizures that occur when the…
Absence Seizures Selim R. Benbadis Samuel F. Berkovic Absence seizures are the most extensively studied type of epileptic seizure. The remarkable association of clinical absences with generalized spike-wave discharges was…
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures Bruce J. Fisch Piotr W. Olejniczak Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) are the oldest known and most feared of all epileptic attacks. They are also the final common…
