Genetic Component of Parkinson Disease
Parkinson disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. It can be either familial or sporadic.7 In the majority of cases, Parkinson disease occurs due to sporadic causes resulting from the interplay…
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease
Etiology of Parkinson Disease Although the etiology of Parkinson disease (PD) is unknown, it is believed to be multifactorial and is likely to involve a complex interaction of environmental and…
23. Psychiatry
One of the most powerful diagnostic tools is patient’s own story of illness (history of present illness, HPI). To obtain accurate and good HPI, a physician must use open- ended…
10. Neurology
“In the grip of a neurological disorder, I am fast losing control of words even as my relationship with the world has been reduced to them.” -Tony Judt in the…
15 Neurorehabilitation
Neurological rehabilitation programs are designed for people with injury or disorders of the nervous system and aim to improve function, reduce symptoms, and improve the well-being of the patient. It…
13 Infections of the Central Nervous System
13.1 Pathogens Responsible for Bacterial Infections The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed significantly, primarily because of widespread immunization with the conjugated Haemophilus influenzae vaccine (HIB) in 1990 and the…
12 Neurotrauma
Echoencephalogram is an obsolete examination nowadays (▶Fig. 12.1). It was the initial and basic test of severe head injuries in the pre-CT scan era. Fig. 12.1 Echoencephalogram. This ECHO demonstrates…
11 Movement Disorders
11.1 Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders Disorder Movement characteristics Athetosis Slow, distal, writhing, and involuntary with a propensity to affect the arms and hands Chorea Rapid, semipurposeful, graceful, dancelike, nonpatterned moving involving…
10 Peripheral Nerve Disorders
10.1 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common clinical condition, occurring in 1 out of 50 people at any one time; over 50% present with bilateral disease….
