Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm
Management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) poses a conundrum to physicians. The prevalence of UIAs is approximately 3%, the majority of which are discovered incidentally. Rupture of an aneurysm can…
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) refers to bleeding within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled subarachnoid space. The majority of spontaneous cases are due to ruptured cerebral aneurysms, but 15%–20% are due to another…
Restarting Antithrombotic Therapy After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage often have concurrent ischemic vascular disease, venous thromboembolic disease, or atrial fibrillation for which antiplatelet (AP) or anticoagulant (AC) therapy would be indicated. Deciding if and…
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Due to Anticoagulant Therapy
Patients taking anticoagulants have larger baseline intracerebral hemorrhage volume, greater early hemorrhage expansion, and increased morbidity and mortality compared to those not on anticoagulants. While there is little formal data…
Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Young
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is uncommon in young adults (age < 50 years) but is more likely to be associated with specific underlying vascular abnormalities than in older patients. Given this,…
Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
A. Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have a high risk of neurologic deterioration, particularly early after presentation. Close neurologic monitoring is thus important. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are necessary in…
Preoperative Neurovascular (Carotid) Clearance
The risk of perioperative stroke varies dramatically based on the intervention being performed. Stroke risk is generally estimated to be < 1% for cardiac catheterization, general surgery, and noncarotid vascular…
Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Asymptomatic carotid stenosis refers to atherosclerotic narrowing of the extracranial internal carotid artery, most commonly involving the proximal internal carotid artery at or just distal to the carotid bifurcation. To…
Spinal Cord Infarction
Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a rare but devastating disorder. A majority of infarctions involve anterior spinal cord and present with acute quadriparesis or paraparesis depending on the level of…
Patent Foramen Ovale and Ischemic Stroke
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common congenital cardiac finding. The foramen ovale allows for unidirectional blood flow from the right atria to the left atria while in utero, and…
