Low Back Pain
Acute low back pain spontaneously resolves within 2–4 weeks in the majority of cases. Therefore, in the absence of trauma, fever, known malignancy, or focal neurologic signs or symptoms (such…
Chronic Headache
Chronic headache is one of the most common neurologic symptoms. The main focus of the initial evaluation of a patient with chronic headache is to (1) determine if the headache…
Initial Headache
New headache is a common complaint in the outpatient or emergency room setting. Distinguishing between headaches due to a potentially dangerous cause and those that are benign is paramount. Speed…
Chapter 26 – Electrical and Magnetic Brain Stimulation to Enhance Post-stroke Recovery
Abstract Non-invasive brain stimulation to stimulate neuroplasticity, enhance recovery, and improve mood after stroke has made substantial technical advances in the past two decades. The most common neuromodulatory techniques are…
Chapter 25 – Using Pharmacotherapy to Enhance Stroke Recovery
Abstract Pre-clinical studies provide clear and consistent evidence that a variety of centrally acting drugs affecting specific neurotransmitters can either facilitate or interfere with functional recovery after brain injury. Although…
Chapter 24 – Language and Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke
Abstract Language and cognitive impairments are common consequences of stroke. These difficulties persist with 60% of stroke survivors continuing to experience memory problems, 50% attention deficits and 61% communication problems…
Chapter 22 – Prevention of Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Abstract Intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Too often the focus is on acute treatment after a haemorrhage has occurred, instead of primary and…
Chapter 23 – Evidence-based Motor Rehabilitation after Stroke
Abstract Worldwide, stroke is a most common disabling disorder that requires rehabilitation services if curative and preventive treatments fail. There is growing evidence that intensive rehabilitation offered by a multidisciplinary…
Chapter 21 – Cervical Artery Dissection and Cerebral Vasculitis
Abstract Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is characterized by an intramural haematoma due to a subintimal tear and accounts for up to 25% of ischaemic strokes in young and middle-aged adults….
