Reflex Epilepsy
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Epilepsies characterized by seizures with a specific mode of precipitation occur in 4%–7% of patients with epilepsy.1 More general factors such as stress, sleep deprivation, and…
NEUROLOGY
Sturge–Weber Syndrome
CLINICAL PRESENTATION Print Section Listen Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is a nonfamilial neurocutaneous disorder with a potentially progressive course. The syndrome consists of a nevus flammeus (port-wine stain) involving part of…
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
CLINICAL OVERVIEW Print Section Listen Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an inherited neurocutaneous disease of cell differentiation and proliferation affecting multiple organs with hamartomas or abnormal neuronal migration. It was…
Lennox–Gastaut and Related Syndromes
DEFINITION Print Section Listen The clinical features of the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) have been recognized for more than 200 years. The current definition of LGS by the International League Against…
Infantile Spasms and West Syndrome
OVERVIEW Print Section Listen In 1841, Dr. William J. West penned a letter to Lancet in which he described an unusual condition in his 4-month-old son, James, that was characterized…
Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is a familial focal epilepsy syndrome characterized by frontal lobe seizures occurring predominantly during light sleep. Although not a…
Benign Occipital Epilepsies
OVERVIEW Print Section Listen Gastaut presented a series of 36 patients with seizures suggesting occipital lobe origin, associated migraine-like symptoms, and occipital paroxysms of spike-waves, and proposed this condition as…
Benign Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BECTS)
CLINICAL OVERVIEW Print Section Listen Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) is among the most frequent benign focal epilepsies in childhood and accounts for about 15%–25% of all epileptic…
Focal Seizures in Older Childhood and Adolescence
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Focal seizures in the older child and adolescent are usually similar in presentation to the adult. However, children with profound developmental delay may still display an…
Episodic Events Mimicking Seizures in Childhood and Adolescence
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Epilepsy has often been described as the great imitator with protean paroxysmal manifestations from sudden arousals out of sleep, to confusional states, to stiffening only when…
