Primary Progressive Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech
A 59-year-old man presents with progressive difficulty talking over several years. Although he knows what he wants to say, he has difficulty saying it and he is frequently frustrated. His…
NEUROLOGY
Frontotemporal Dementia
A 63-year-old man was brought to the clinic by his family because of his memory difficulties, apathy, and inappropriate behavior. They reported that the problems began 3–4 years ago; at…
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Quick Start Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Definition • Normal pressure hydrocephalus (often referred to as NPH) is a relatively rare disorder characterized by enlargement of the ventricles, a gait disorder, incontinence,…
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
A 63-year-old man presented with progressive memory, concentration, mood, and behavior problems over several years. He was a veteran of the army for six years in his twenties, and reported…
Jakob-Creutzfeldt Disease
A 68-year-old man presented to our clinic for evaluation of a five-month history of memory problems. Memory loss, feeling “funny,” and loss of appetite were initial symptoms. At the first…
Evaluating the Patient with Memory Loss or Dementia
Quick Start Evaluating the Patient with Memory Loss or Dementia • Talking with the family (or other caregivers) is critical to obtaining an accurate history. • Important elements of the…
Vascular Dementia and Vascular Cognitive Impairment
A 74-year-old man presented to the clinic with a six-year history of cognitive and functional decline. His family reported that his problems began with “small TIAs.” When we asked them…
Why Diagnose and Treat Memory Loss, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Dementia?
A 72-year-old woman comes into the clinic at the urging of her son. She has noticed some difficulties finding words for the past six months, but denies problems with memory…
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (Including Parkinson’s Disease Dementia)
A 65-year-old man came to the clinic complaining of cognitive difficulties. He had been forgetful for about a year, often confused, and was unable to use the television remote. When…
Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer’s Disease
(See Chapters 2 and 3 for additional information.) Quick Start 1 Alzheimer’s Disease Definition • Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease of the brain characterized by a clinical dementia with…
