Fig. 15.1 a Electroencephalogram (EEG) with time-frequency analysis (TFA) on a 58-year-old woman with about 35 generalized tonic-clonic seizures since the age of 30 years. This patient is in IGE-AS with moderate…
Type of status epilepticus Time 1 (Treatment started) (min) Time 2 (Consequences expected) Tonic-clonic 5 30 min Focal with impaired consciousness 10 >60 min Absence 15 Unknown Adapted from Trinka…
Fig. 17.1 Suggested algorithm for the selection of 3rd–5th line anti-seizure drugs for treatment of refractory status epilepticus. ASD anti-seizure drug Table 17.1 Non-anesthetic anti-seizure drug options for the treatment of refractory…
Fig. 5.1 Examples of periodic and rhythmic waveforms. EEG is displayed in a longitudinal bipolar montage. Filter settings and scale are shown in the figure. a Left temporoparietal lateralized periodic discharges…
(1) Neurology, Division of Pediatric and Developmental Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, 660 South Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA …
Artifactual Rhythmic, regular or paroxysmal muscle movement, ECG, or ballistocardiographic artifacts Physiologic rhythmic patterns or patterns of nonepileptic significance Rhythmic midtemporal theta of drowsiness Subclinical rhythmic epileptiform discharges of adults…
Stage Treatment threshold Treatment Response criterion Prophylaxis Periodic discharges lasting ≥1 min Start maintenance therapy with ASD #1 No progression to seizures 1st line therapy Single seizure lasting ≥1 min (with any…
Axis 1: Semiology (A) With prominent motor symptoms A.1: Convulsive SE (CSE) A.2: Myoclonic SE A.3: Focal motor SE A.4: Tonic SE A.5: Hyperkinetic SE (B) Without prominent motor symptoms…
Fig. 6.1 Computed tomography (CT) scan of a 16-year-old girl with an earlier history of pansinusitis and a left frontal cerebritis and abscess who had undergone surgical treatment and presents 4 months…
Stroke, including hemorrhagic Low antiepileptic drug levels Alcohol withdrawal Drug withdrawal (benzodiazepine, barbiturate) Anoxic brain injury Metabolic disturbances Infection (bacterial meningitis, herpes encephalitis, brain abscess) Traumatic brain injury Brain neoplasm…
