Fig. 9.1 Magnetic resonance imaging alterations (a–c) in brain atrophy after severe super-refractory status epilepticus. LEV levetiracetam; VPA valproic acid; LCS lacosamide; PROP propofol; MDZ midazolam; TPM topiramate; MRI magnetic resonance…
Location of study, Reference, (year published) N Annual incidence (per 100,000) Epilepsy prior to SE Most common etiology Mortality/case fatality rate (%) Other Richmond, Virginia DeLorenzo et al. [20] (1995)…
© Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2018Frank W. Drislane and Peter W. Kaplan MBBS (eds.)Status EpilepticusCurrent Clinical Neurologyhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58200-9_25 25. Consequences of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus: Experimental and Clinical Evidence Karthik Rajasekaran2 and Howard P. Goodkin1 (1) Departments of Neurology and…
Adults Children References Following convulsive status epilepticus 48% 26–57% [21, 25, 29–34] Epilepsy-related 33–39% 11–71% [20–28] Sepsis-associated encephalopathy 32% 58% [16–19] Recent neurosurgical procedures 23% 71% [22, 28, 38]…
Absence status epilepticus (ASE) Typical absence status epilepticus (in the IGEs) de novo absence status epilepticus (in the elderly) Atypical absence status epilepticus Simple partial status epilepticus (SPSE) Complex partial…
Cognitive sign Definition References Asomatognosia Failure to recognize a body part as being one’s own Thomas et al. [2], Feinberg et al. [3] and Nishibayashi et al. [4] Anosagnosia Lack…
The sequential EEG patterns Definition of EEG patterns 1. Discrete seizures Focal low-voltage fast activity which increases in amplitude, spreads across the midline, and then slows in discharge frequency. Generalized…
Triphasic waves: Surface-negative, blunted triphasic complexes with: (a) low-amplitude, blunted, negative first phase (often wide-based); (b) dominant, steep positive second phase; and (c) slow rising third “slow-wave” component. No polyspike…
Continuous seizure types Generalized SE Generalized tonic-clonic SE Clonic SE Absence SE Tonic SE Myoclonic SE Focal SE Epilepsia partialis continua Aura continua Limbic SE (psychomotor status) Hemiconvulsive SE with…
GABAergic Anti-inflammatory Slowing of nerve conduction velocity Disruption of epileptogenic network Neuro-protective Therapeutic hypothermia X X X Neurostimulation ECT X X rTMS X VNS X Neurosurgery X Ketogenic diets…
