Pitfalls in diagnosing cerebral parenchymal disease
Figure 6.1 An axial T1 and FLAIR MRI brain scan shows numerous white matter lesions involving cerebral hemispheres ovoid in shape and periventricular in location, which is consistent with multiple…
NEUROLOGY
Challenges in diagnosing demyelinating ocular disease
Figure 5.1 Axial FLAIR MRI brain showed several scattered foci of T2 hyperintensity in the white matter that were nonspecific in appearance and unchanged over 8 years of follow-up. Three-step…
Pitfalls in recognizing uncommon MS clinical presentations
Figure 3.1 Axial FLAIR, coronal T1 with gadolinium MRI brain multiple demyelinating plaques consistent with multiple sclerosis within the white matter of both cerebral hemispheres, with single enhancing focus posterior…
Challenges in the therapeutic management of MS
Figure 4.1 Sagittal T2 MRI cervical and thoracic spine showing multifocal T2 hyperintense lesions within the cervical and thoracic spinal cord compatible with multiple sclerosis. Three-step assessment 1 Classical clinical…
Pitfalls in diagnosing demyelinating cerebellar disease
Figure 7.1 Axial T2 MRI brain showing abnormal focal T2 signal abnormalities within the pons and cerebellar peduncles and axial FLAIR MRI showing extensive, non-enhancing increased T2 signal in the…
Pitfalls in correctly assessing the clinical course of MS
Figure 2.1 Axial FLAIR MRI brain showing ovoid, periventricular and juxtacortical lesions also involving the corpus callosum highly characteristic of MS lesions in this patient without classical clinical features of…
Challenges in diagnosing spinal cord disease
Figure 9.1 Sagittal T2 MRI cervical spine shows a solitary area of increased T2 signal at the prior level of compression, now relieved by spinal decompressive surgery. Three-step assessment 1…
Challenges in diagnosing demyelinating brainstem disease
Figure 8.1 Axial FLAIR and T1 with gadolinium MRI brain shows abnormal signal within the left tegmentum of the pons with patchy peripheral enhancement without mass effect, with scattered T2…
Managing patients or managing the results of ancillary tests?
Figure 18.1 Case 1. Brain MRI FLAIR (a) and T2 sequences (b) showing punctate subcortical white matter lesions. None were located on the cerebellum or in the cerebellar or vestibular…
Vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment
Figure 15.1 Brain CT showing two cortical strokes (left frontal lobe and right parieto-frontal lobe) and several subcortical vascular lesions. Discussion This patient had recurrent strokes and imaging evidence of…
