FIGURE 47.1 Lateral view of the cervical spine. Shows the vertebral bodies separated by intervertebral discs, the pedicles merging into the facet joint with its superior and inferior facets, and…

FIGURE 43.1 A. Ventral and (B) dorsal views of the human cerebellum. See Figure 43.4 for names of lobes and lobules. FIGURE 43.2 Median longitudinal section through the human cerebellum,…

FIGURE 17.1 The right osseous labyrinth in the temporal bone viewed from above. FIGURE 17.2 The right osseous labyrinth, lateral view. The bony labyrinth is filled with perilymph, a thin…

Errors in clinical reasoning can lead to a variety of adverse consequences. A common error in diagnostic reasoning is accepting a diagnosis before it is fully verified (premature closure). Kassirer…

FIGURE 15.1 Section through the pons at the level of the trigeminal nuclei. The Motor Portion Upper motor neuron control of trigeminal motor functions arises primarily from the lower third…

Patients are even more secretive about drug habits. Tactful opening questions might be to ask whether the patient has ever used drugs for other than medicinal purposes, ever abused prescription…

Parkinson’s Disease PD is due to a degeneration of neurons in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. It is the second most common movement disorder behind essential tremor (ET), affecting about 1%…

FIGURE 11.1 The sulcus limitans divides the neural tube into the dorsal alar plate, which contains sensory neuroblasts, and the ventral basal plate, which contains motor neuroblasts. In the brainstem,…

FIGURE 2.1 A. Gross brain. B. T-1 weighted MR image. Approximately matched midline sagittal sections. Sagittal T1-weighted MRI of the brain and upper cervical spinal cord. Labels: 1, septum pellucidum;…

FIGURE 6.1 Lobes, sulci, and gyri of the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. The frontal and occipital lobes are finely stippled, the temporal lobe coarsely stippled, and the parietal…