Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes
Syndrome Relevant antibodies CNS Subacute cerebellar degeneration 25 % Hu, Yo, CV2/CRMP5, Ri, Tra, amphiphysin, VGCC Encephalomyelitis 6 % Hu, CV2/CRMP5, amphiphysin Limbic encephalitis 10 % Hu, Ma2, CV2/CRMP5,…
NEUROLOGY
Chronic Infectious Inflammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Fig. 15.1 MRI revealing a tuberculoma in the left pons area, in a patient with tuberculous meningitis, manifesting with paresis of n. abducens 15.3.3 Cerebrospinal Fluid Detection of M. tuberculosis…
Immunohistochemistry
Intracellular antigen Associated tumor Clinical symptoms Hu (ANNA1) SCLC Encephalomyelitis, PCD, LE, brainstem encephalitis Ri (ANNA2) Breast, SCLC Brainstem encephalitis, opsoclonus myoclonus Yo (PCA1) Ovary, breast PCD CV2 (CRMP5) SCLC,…
Guidelines on Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis
Main topic of guideline Reference Routine CSF analysis Deisenhammer et al. (2006) Examination of infectious CSF Qualitative IgG assessment in CSF Freedman et al. (2005) CSF collection and biobanking Teunissen…
Anatomy of CSF-Related Spaces and Barriers Between Blood, CSF, and Brain
Fig. 2.1 CSF spaces and site of CSF production, circulation, and elimination (http://ihrfoundation.org/images/uploads/schematic_lg.gif) The CSF space is regarded as one of the four compartments within the central nervous system (CNS)…
Laboratory Diagnosis of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Fig. 22.1 CT-negative SAH. Left side MRI (FLAIR): hyperintense signal clearly visible; right side CT scan: no sign for SAH 22.2 Laboratory Diagnostic Methods There are several widely used CSF…
CSF-orrhoea
Fig. 23.1 CT scans showing defects in anterior skull base with encephalocoeles, arrows pointing towards the bony defects (Courtesy Dr. S. Mathur, Royal Preston Hospital) To rule out high intracranial…
The History of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Fig. 1.1 Bottom of the second column of the Edwin Smith Papyrus. The hieroglyphs in blue circles refer to watery fluid in context with the surface of the brain (Courtesy…
Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders
Fig. 20.1 Cartoon of CSF biomarkers and their relation to physiological and pathogenic processes. Aβ amyloid β, BACE1 β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, sAPP soluble amyloid precursor protein Fig. 20.2…
Glucose and Lactate
Parameter Range CSF glucose 2.7–4.2 (mmol/L) Blood glucose 3.3–5.5 (mmol/L) Glucose CSF/blood ratio 0.61–0.89 (Cave: CSF/serum ratio may be lower than 0.5 if serum glucose concentration is >100 mg/dL) (see…
