Anoxia is defined by the total absence of oxygen to the tissues or a particular organ such as the brain. The term anoxic brain injury (ABI) is frequently used synonymously…

The dual diagnosis of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) has clinical and diagnostic features of both conditions typically stemming from a single traumatic event. These…

Nontraumatic brain injury (NTBI) is a broad category of brain disorders not resulting from traumatic forces. Included in this category are acquired brain injuries resulting from ischemic cerebrovascular disease, infection,…

Although sex-based differences regarding the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been well documented, there is a dearth of literature examining sex and gender effects on TBI-related outcomes and…

According to the most recent Consensus Statement of the International Conference on Concussion in Sport, held in 2016, a sport-related concussion is a traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by biomechanical…

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the military rose to prominence in the early 2000s and was called the signature injury of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Although generally adhering…

Population dynamics • The population of people in the United States over 64 in 1990 was 29.9 million, versus 40 million in 2010 and 47 million in 2015. This number…

Traumatic brain injury is (TBI) is defined as “an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force.” In children, a pediatric TBI disrupts…

Why should physiatrists involve family in treatment? • Family members are the primary source of support for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) regarding: • Physical assistance (e.g., transfers, basic…