Overview Definition Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflex (muscle tone) to passive muscle stretch. Pathophysiology • Motor dysfunction secondary to lesions proximal…
Autonomic pathophysiology The autonomic nervous system (ANS) unconsciously controls critical body functions and coordinates our responses to stimuli. The two main branches of the ANS are the sympathetic system, which…
Hydrocephalus is “an active distention of the ventricular system of the brain related to inadequate passage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from its point of production within the ventricular system to…
Incidence and prevalence • Pituitary damage because of brain trauma was first recognized in 1918 and was initially thought to be relatively rare. It has only been with increased awareness…
This chapter identifies common soft tissue and musculoskeletal conditions that may be encountered in the treatment of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). An overview is provided on these topics:…
Voiding disorders are common among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Such voiding disorders are referred to as neurogenic bladder dysfunction . Urological disorders in TBI can range from 32%…
Neurological injury can cause various gastrointestinal GI and nutritional complications. These problems can often affect recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Appropriate recognition and practices regarding treatment and…
Cardiovascular complications after brain injury Brain disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been known to affect the heart directly or indirectly. These conditions may include cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, or autonomic…
Intensity of services Inpatient rehabilitation facility • Inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) are hospitals that specialize in intensive rehabilitation. • IRFs provide the most intensive therapy and the greatest variety of…
