Vagus (X) Nerve
The dorsal vagal nucleus is a mixed nucleus that represents fused visceral afferent and efferent columns of neurons. It consists of a longitudinal column of cells lying beneath the vagal…
NEUROLOGY
Neurocritical Care and Management: Decompressive Craniectomy
Hyperventilation can rapidly decrease ICP by causing vasoconstriction and reducing intracranial blood volume. Prolonged prophylactic hyperventilation was previously a mainstay of ICP management but has been found to worsen outcome,…
Neurocritical Care and Management after Traumatic Brain Injury: Devices for Monitoring Intracranial Pressure
The first priority in severe TBI is to establish complete and rapid physiologic resuscitation, which includes a secure airway and maintenance of O2 saturation of greater than 90% and arterial…
Vascular Injury
The carotid artery enters the cavernous sinus as it exits the foramen lacerum at the base of the skull. It then rises toward the posterior clinoid process before acutely turning…
Initial Assessment and Management of Head Injury
Hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) may increase mortality markedly after head injury. Lactated Ringer solution or normal saline are the resuscitation fluids of choice. Glucose solutions should…
Glasgow Coma Score
The GCS evaluates three independent neurologic responses: eye opening, motor response, and verbal response All parameters may be significantly affected by systemic factors such as severe hypotension or significant drug/alcohol…
CT Scans and MR Images of Intracranial Hematomas
Related posts: Hydrocephalus Memory Circuits Social Anxiety disorder Visual Inputs to the Hypothalamus Brain Death Cerebellovestibular Pathways
Acute Epidural Hematoma
Computed tomography scan shows a variably sized oval or “lens-shaped” hyperdensity between the bone and the dura. The most common clinical location for an EDH is the temporal fossa, typically…
Acute Subdural Hematoma
The injury occurs typically after a high-speed motor vehicle collision. ASDH, however, is being increasingly seen in elderly patients after same-height falls, and especially in patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet…
Skull Injuries
Before the introduction of computed tomography (CT) scans, plain skull radiographs were of vital importance in evaluating patients with head injuries. The presence of a skull fracture strongly suggested the…
