Pediatric Brain Tumors
Pilocytic astrocytomas are World Health Organization (WHO) grade I tumors. They can occur in any region of the central nervous system, but frequently arise in the cerebellum of children. The…
NEUROLOGY
Pediatric Brain Tumors (Continued)
Medulloblastomas are generally well-defined midline cerebellar lesions with regions of mineralization, intratumoral cysts and blood vessels and heterogeneous enhancement. Because of the propensity for medulloblastomas to disseminate, the entire neuroaxis…
Glioblastoma
Clinical Manifestations. As discussed above, signs and symptoms of underlying glioblastomas reflect the location of the tumor and its rate of growth. Because of the rapid rate of growth, symptoms…
Clinical Presentations of Brain Tumors
Clinical Manifestations. Traditionally, headaches, nausea and vomiting, and papilledema constitute the clinical triad of increased intracranial pressure. Headaches resulting from elevated intracranial pressure are generalized in location and usually are…
Neurosarcoidosis
Presentation may be with cranial nerve deficits from a basal meningitis, the most common being neuropathies that affect cranial nerves (CNs) VII, V, VIII, and II. Facial nerve (CN VII)…
Cryptococcal Meningitis
Patients present with headache, personality changes, irritability, somnolence, and cognitive changes. Intracranial pressure may be increased. There may be cranial nerve deficits. The diagnosis can only be made definitively by…
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
There are a number of human prion diseases: sporadic CJD, iatrogenic CJD, variant CJD, kuru, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, and fatal familial insomnia. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. The cardinal manifestations of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease…
Trichinosis (Trichinellosis)
The incubation period varies with severity of infection. Abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms may develop in the first week. Periorbital edema may occur for a few days. Subsequently, muscle and…
Cerebral Malaria and African Trypanosomiasis
Diagnosis is confirmed by examination of peripheral blood smears every 8 to 24 hours. The CSF is examined to exclude other possible causes of symptoms in patients with suspected cerebral…
