Lacunar Infarction
LACUNAR INFARCTS Lacunar infarcts are miniature, discrete lesions, ranging from 1 to 20 mm in size. The most common locations are the putamen and the pallidum, followed by the pons,…
NEUROLOGY
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Differential. The major important condition to separate from these “micropathologies” is occlusion of parent arteries blocking flow in penetrating artery branches. In patients of Asian origin, especially Japan, Korea, and…
Cardiac Sources of Brain Emboli
THE RECIPIENT ARTERIES The recipient artery is the main determinant of the clinical symptoms and signs. When a recipient neck or intracranial artery is blocked, blood flow to the area…
Intracranial Occlusion of Vertebral Artery
4. Coma. When the reticular formation is affected bilaterally in the medial pontine tegmentum, coma results. Sensory and cerebellar abnormalities are absent or slight because the infarct usually affects the…
Occlusion of “Top of Basilar” and Posterior Cerebral Arteries
The posterior choroidal arteries originate from the posterior cerebral arteries and course forward from caudal to rostral in the thalamus. The lateral posterior choroidal arteries supply mostly the pulvinar, a…
Occlusion of Basilar Artery and Branches
3. Decreased alertness. Hypersomnolence or frank coma can result from bilateral paramedian rostral brainstem dysfunction. After the acute phase, the patient may remain relatively inert and apathetic. Some patients sleep…
Clinical Manifestations of Vertebrobasilar Territory Ischemia
Medial Medullary Infarction This third syndrome is much less common. The anterior spinal artery supplying the medial medulla arises from the distal intracranial vertebral artery. The medial medullary syndrome is…
Arteries of Posterior Cranial Fossa
Lateral Medullary Syndrome Atherosclerosis of the intracranial vertebral arteries is most severe in the distal portion of the arteries, often at the vertebral-basilar artery junction, sometimes extending into the proximal…
Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Basal View
VERTEBRAL ARTERIES IN THE NECK Atherosclerosis The origin of the vertebral arteries is the most common location for atherosclerotic disease in the vertebral system. Atheromas often begin in the subclavian…
Diagnosis of Carotid Artery Disease
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for prevention of ischemic stroke has been performed since the early 1950s (see Plate 9-16), but it was only in the 1990s that several large-scale trials were…
