3.1 Movements Resembling Neonatal Seizures In the newborn infant, there are several nonepileptic motor phenomena. They may be difficult to differentiate from seizures. Tremor, jitteriness, and myoclonus may be benign…
1.1 Prevalence of Neurological Diseases Prevalence (per 1,000) of neurological disorders, by cause, WHO region and mortality stratum, projections for 2005, 2015, and 2030 2005 2015 2030 Population 6,441,919,466 Number…
Introduction Chronic low back pain represents a significant burden to the United States. Approximately 37% of the general adult population suffers from low back pain with an estimated cost of…
Introduction Instability in the lumbar spine is a well-recognized entity for both degenerative and traumatic processes. Less well defined is instability following an index decompressive or fusion procedure. This complex…
Introduction Degenerative disease of the lumbar spine is a common cause of disability and pain, with lumbar spondylolisthesis affecting 11.5% of the US population and lumbar stenosis affecting more than…
Definitions Adjacent segment disease (ASD) has been broadly and inconsistently defined in the literature. Other terms that have been used to describe ASD include junctional disease, junctional stenosis, or a…
Introduction Revision lumbar spine surgery comes with unique challenges and special considerations in the postoperative setting. In this chapter, we will cover some topics pertinent to postoperative care. Specifically, we…
Introduction Vertebral column resection (VCR) is a challenging and lengthy procedure that is generally used as a last resort for the correction of severe rigid spinal deformities. Given VCR’s unique…
Introduction The term “adult spinal deformity” generally refers to any major coronal, sagittal, or biplane malalignment of the spine in a patient over the age of 18. The revision rate…
Introduction Lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) was first described by Thomasen in 1985 for the surgical treatment of 11 patients with severe disabling kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis. In this…
