Introduction Despite advances in our understanding of spinal pathologies, diagnostics, implant designs, and biological adjuncts, there is a significantly sized cohort of patients who fail to achieve resolution of pain…

Introduction The concept of creating a fusion between two vertebral bodies as a solution to pain arising from lumbar spinal segments dates back to the 1930s when the first anterior…

Introduction There are many factors to consider in determining if a staged anterior-posterior (AP) lumbar procedure is the most appropriate for a given patient. These include the patient’s presenting symptoms…

Introduction An exponential rise in rates of spinal surgery over the past decade has been dominated by a concomitant increase in the utilization of intervertebral cages for spinal fusion. The…

Introduction Degenerative disease of the lumbar spine has increased with the aging population and the number of elective lumbar spinal surgeries has also increased. Concurrently, the number of revision lumbar…

Introduction In 1969 and 1971, Coventry and Stauffer provided the first descriptions of anterior fusion for the treatment of failed posterior spine surgery, reporting overall good results. Since then, anterior…

Introduction Revision surgeries are more common than ever in the spine surgeon’s practice. Each case is unique, and the diagnostic and treatment considerations are more complicated than their primary counterparts….

The Use of Autograft and Allograft in Revision Lumbar Spine Surgery One of the major contributors to a solid spinal arthrodesis is the use of bone grafts. In selecting the…

Introduction Despite excellent outcomes for carefully selected patients undergoing surgical management of lumbar spine pathology, a small but significant subset of patients will have persistent or recurrent symptomatology. Unfortunately, some…

Introduction Lumbar intervertebral discs are complex structures subjected to significant axial compressive forces. Because of biomechanical demands and the inability to remodel as a result of an avascular nature, lumbar…