Introduction Revision lumbar surgery is a technically challenging operation that requires careful planning and patient selection. In the case of previous interbody fusion, there are particular considerations the surgeon needs…

Introduction As the population ages, the incidence of lumbar spinal stenosis and the number of available surgical options for its treatment continue to increase. To date, posterolateral spinal fusion via…

Introduction The goals of an interbody fusion device is to restore disk height, create or maintain segmental lordosis, maintain sagittal balance, and restore weight bearing to the anterior column while…

Introduction Interbody fusion devices aim to provide anterior column support as bony fusion between adjacent vertebral bodies progresses. Irrespective of the material utilized for structural support, depending on exact surgical…

Introduction Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MITLIF) allows a surgeon to restore intervertebral disk height, lumbar lordosis, and achieve an indirect decompression of the spinal canal and neural foramen…

Introduction Lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) is a well-accepted treatment for spinal pathologies. Traditionally, LIF is performed using posterior approaches. These open strategies require broad dissection of the paraspinal musculature and…

Introduction The pre-psoas oblique lateral approach to the lumbar spine was first described by Mayer et al. in 1997. At that time, the approach was described only for the L2-5 disk…

Introduction The technique of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is an important technique in the current spine surgeon’s armamentarium. That being said, the surgery is still defined by its level…

Introduction Since the early 20th century, spinal fusion has been performed as a therapy for both traumatic and degenerative disorders of the spine. Lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) in particular has…