Indications • Occipitocervical fusion is performed for craniovertebral junction (CVJ) instability resulting from various etiologies. • Posttraumatic: Atlantooccipital dislocation, complex fractures involving CVJ, unstable odontoid fractures with incompetence of the…
Indications • Hydrocephalus, communicating or obstructive, which is not amenable to endoscopic third ventriculostomy or treatment of primary etiology (i.e., removal of fourth ventricle neoplasm) • Failure of previously placed…
Indications • C1-2 posterior cervical fusion is indicated in patients with odontoid fractures that cannot be repaired with an odontoid screw, including type II odontoid fractures associated with fractures of…
Indications • The main indications for surgical intervention for craniosynostosis are the prevention of potential neurologic impairment and correction of deformity. Increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, mental retardation, visual abnormalities, and…
Indications • Patients with late-onset (adolescent or adult) nontumoral obstructive hydrocephalus have the highest rate of success after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (close to 90%). The high success rate in this…
Indications • Fenestration of arachnoid cysts is indicated in cysts that show significant increase in size or associated clinical symptoms. The size of an arachnoid cyst typically remains stable or…
Indications • Indications for the transsphenoidal approach have significantly increased with the addition of the endoscope. Using a team approach with a skilled endoscopic rhinologist has rendered the endoscopic transsphenoidal…
Indications • The presence of an encephalocele is an indication for surgical repair. Encephaloceles are typically diagnosed at birth, although many are now identified in utero by ultrasound. • Indications…
Indications • Symptomatic cysts • Symptoms may range from visual obscurations and loss of consciousness to positional headache, sensory disturbance, and short-term memory decline. • Symptoms of hydrocephalus, such as…
Indications • We prefer to use autologous calvarial bone grafts as the primary material for cranioplasty and skull reconstruction. Autogenous graft has a lower incidence of infection, grows with the…
