Indications • Cavernous malformations are “low-pressure” vascular malformations that typically come to clinical attention because of seizures or acute hemorrhage. With widespread use of noninvasive axial imaging, many cavernous malformations…
Indications • When the planned resection site of a tumor is near essential language cortex, intraoperative language mapping is necessary. • Occasionally, tumors in or near motor cortex are best…
Indications • Atherosclerotic carotid artery occlusion with hemodynamic insufficiency . In nonselected patient populations, a multicenter randomized controlled trial showed no benefit of superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass…
Indications General Indications for Treatment of Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas • The indication for treatment of cranial dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVFs) is dictated by their natural history. Because the risk of…
Indications • Surgery is indicated for patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that have ruptured or are causing intractable seizures, progressive neurologic deficits, or intractable debilitating headaches. Often, failure of alternative…
Indications • Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causing progressive neurologic symptoms or impending cerebral herniation syndromes is best managed with open evacuation, especially in younger patients, in whom there is less…
Indications • Eloquently located ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with significant hematoma and neurologic deficit • Angioarchitectural features that deem the cortical AVM at higher risk of hemorrhage (e.g., deep venous…
Indications • Ruptured or unruptured aneurysms of the vertebral artery, vertebrobasilar junction, and proximal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) have a particularly high rerupture rate and morbidity and mortality if…
Indications • Basilar apex aneurysms include ruptured or unruptured basilar bifurcation aneurysms, superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysms, and P1 posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms. • Patients who are young and…
Indications Ruptured Aneurysm • All ruptured paraclinoid aneurysms with subarachnoid hemorrhage as the presentation need to be treated. Multiple and bilateral aneurysms are more common among this group of aneurysms….
