Summary of Key Points • Degenerative thoracolumbar scoliosis is the most common etiology of adult spinal deformity and is caused by asymmetric disc degeneration and displacement of anatomic axial load…
Summary of Key Points • Blood transfusion is no longer driven by the old 10/30 hemoglobin/hematocrit rule, and so little as even one unit of homologous blood transfusion has been…
Summary of Key Points • The perioperative management of the spine surgery patient is simultaneously straightforward and potentially complex. It is critical to evaluate patients carefully, both before surgery, to…
Summary of Key Points • Obesity and the diseases associated with it are preventable. • An estimated 1.4 billion people worldwide are overweight. • About 500 million people worldwide are…
Summary of Key Points • Cervical scoliosis is a rare condition that is a result of a structural spine deformity, often a congenital anomaly, neuromuscular pathology, neoplasia, traumatic injury, or…
Summary of Key Points • Syringomyelia denotes a collection of heterogenous disorders that result in an abnormal fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord. They may be the result of congenital,…
Summary of Key Points • Cervical disc arthroplasty is a safe and effective alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in selected patients with symptomatic cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy related…
Summary of Key Points • Autogenous bone graft is still the gold standard graft substrate for achieving fusion. • It is therefore imperative that spine surgeons have an intimate knowledge…
Summary of Key Points • There is a wide array of motion-sparing, nonimplant surgical procedures that can adequately address patients’ symptoms in a cost-effective manner if the proper presurgical and…
Summary of Key Points • Adult spinal deformity (ASD) may be considered a spectrum of spinal malalignments. ASD includes spondylolisthesis, scoliosis, kyphosis, sagittal spinopelvic malalignment, and axial rotation. The most…
