Pineal Cyst: A Review of Clinical and Radiological Features
Pineal cysts (PCs) are benign and often asymptomatic lesions of the pineal region that are typically small and do not change in size over time. PCs appear as small, well…
NEUROSURGERY
Pathology of Pineal Parenchymal Tumors
Tumors of the pineal region can arise from multiple cellular origins and thus represent a very heterogeneous group of pathologies. Such tumors include pineal parenchymal tumors, germ cell tumors, astrocytomas,…
On the Surgery of the Seat of the Soul: The Pineal Gland and the History of Its Surgical Approaches
The pineal gland has been studied through philosophy and science for thousands of years. Its role in human physiology was not well understood until the scientific community first started to…
Focal Cooling Devices for the Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy
Focal cooling may provide a safe, nondestructive alternative to resective and disconnective strategies that have been proposed or used to control refractory epilepsy. Observations of the effects of direct application…
Implanted Subdural Electrodes: Safety Issues and Complication Avoidance
Invasive electroencephalography via subdural implanted electrodes is essential for the identification and localization of the epileptogenic focus in a large percentage of cases of medically refractory epilepsy. The implantation of…
Seizure Prediction and its Applications
Epilepsy is characterized by intermittent, paroxysmal, hypersynchronous electrical activity that may remain localized and/or spread and severely disrupt the brain’s normal multitask and multiprocessing function. Epileptic seizures are the hallmarks…
Features and Futures: Seizure Detection in Partial Epilepsies
Many factors underlying basic epileptic conditions determine the characteristics of epileptic seizures and the therapeutic outcome. Diagnosis and treatment rely on the clinical manifestations as well as electroencephalographic (EEG) epileptic…
Responsive Neurostimulation Suppresses Synchronized Cortical Rhythms in Patients with Epilepsy
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for Parkinson’s disease, and is increasingly used for other neuropsychiatric conditions including epilepsy. Nevertheless, neural mechanisms for DBS and other forms of…
Responsive Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Epilepsy
Neurostimulation in epilepsy has witnessed a century-long evolution that has resulted in the use of neurostimulation to both modulate and suppress abnormal neuronal firing. The recent development of advanced responsive…
Hippocampal Stimulation in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Neuromodulation is one of the fastest growing fields in neurosurgery, as reflected by the growing interest in the use of electrical brain stimulation (EBS) to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, pain, and…
