2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and Endplates Michael A. Adams Intervertebral discs (IVDs) are pads of fibrocartilage that lie between the vertebral bodies of the spine….
24 Posterior Nonfusion Pedicle Screw-based Stabilization Neel Anand and Eli M. Baron Posterior nonfusion pedicle screw-based stabilization is a technology whose role has yet to be fully defined in the…
14 Degenerative Disc Imaging Troy Hutchins and M. Marcel Maya Essential to radiographic evaluation of lumbar degenerative disc disease are appropriate patient selection and thorough clinical evaluation. A significant overlap…
10 Percutaneous Decompression Christopher A. Yeung, Christopher P. Kauffman and Anthony T. Yeung Throughout much of the late 20th century, surgical specialists have pursued less invasive techniques for the treatment…
23 Interspinous Devices Mario L. Pereira, Stephen H. Hochschuler, and Donna D. Ohnmeiss The management of painful disc degeneration remains controversial, with traditional surgical treatment for painful degeneration being fusion….
3 Biology of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Ashok Biyani, Philip D. Nowicki, and Howard S. An A daily accretion in the knowledge of intervertebral disc (IVD) biology and biochemistry is…
12 Annular Repair and Barrier Technologies Pablo R. Pazmino and Carl Lauryssen The intervertebral disc (IVD) serves as the core dynamic stabilizer to the complex spinal system. Injuries to the…
25 Lumbar Spine Arthroplasty Charles W. Davis and Paul C. McAfee Spinal fusion was traditionally the surgical solution to disabling arthritic conditions where stiffness and loss of function were acceptable…
9 Nonsurgical Treatment of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus April Fetzer and Daphne R. Scott Most cases of herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) respond favorably to nonoperative treatment. This is because the natural…
7 Pathophysiology and Etiology of Intervertebral Disc Herniation Cary R. Templin, Yu-Po Lee and Steven R. Garfin Herniation of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is the most common cause of radicular…
