(1) Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands   Abstract Neuroendoscopic surgery has evolved from an initially diagnostic modality over a treatment modality for obstructive hydrocephalus…

Fig. 19.1 Cystoscopes of 1920s vs. endoscopes of 2000s. (a) A collection of cystoscopes from 1923 (Image courtesy of Dr J.T. Goodrich, from his private collection) (b) ‘Ventriculoscope’. Neuroendoscope that…

Fig. 9.1 Example of a small type II hamartoma suitable for endoscopic treatment. T-2-weighted sagittal (left) and coronal (right) MR images showing a hypothalamic hamartoma with vertical insertion plane and…

Fig. 16.1 Diagrams showing the possible endoscopic approaches that can be employed in the removal of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar herniated discs. (a) Anterior, to remove the herniated part of…

Fig. 15.1 Axial T2w MRI of left medium-size Sylvian cyst inducing a shift of midline cerebral structures with compression and distortion of the ipsilateral ventricle. CSF spaces of the convexity…

Fig. 17.1 Extent of suturectomy in (a) scaphocephaly, (b) trigonocephaly, and (c) frontal plagiocephaly To perform endoscopy and thus claim a “minimally invasive technique” is not a goal in itself….

Fig. 5.1 Endoscopic view of the surgical field after the removal of a large pituitary adenoma. Note the residual gland pushed toward the left wall of the sella (a). Endoscopic…

Fig. 18.1 (a) Representative figure demonstrating an intraoperative stereotactic system that displays the standard orthogonal views based on the preoperative MRI scan. A trajectory view or the intraoperative endoscopic high-definition…