Fig. 16.1 Gonadotropin-secreting adenoma. Gonadotropin-secreting adenomas or gonadotroph cell adenomas are characteristically chromophobic tumors (a) with diverse histopathological arrangements. Tumors may have papillary arrangements (b), nested arrangements (c), and focal…
Fig. 23.1 (a) Sagittal T1-weighted post-gadolinium image. (b) Coronal T1-weighted pre-gadolinium image. (c) Coronal T1-weighted post-gadolinium image. There is a lobulated cystic lesion in the sella containing T1 hyperintense material….
Fig. 20.1 Ectopic pituitary adenoma. (a) Sagittal T1-weighted post-gadolinium image. (b) Coronal T1-weighted post-gadolinium image. An enhancing lesion is located in the roof of the right sphenoid sinus (white arrow),…
Study Year Patients Prior surgical resection, % Radiosurgery F/U, mo Maximal dose, Gy Margin dose, Gy Tumor volume change, % Tumor control, % Neurologic deficit, % New hormone deficit, %…
Tumor origin Specific entity Neuroendocrine tumors Pituitary adenoma Atypical adenoma Pituitary carcinoma Non-neuroendocrine tumors Pituicytoma Granular cell tumor Spindle cell oncocytoma Gangliocytoma Tumors of non-pituitary origin Craniopharyngioma Meningioma Chordoma Langerhans…
Hypothalamic hormone Main pituitary hormone Target organs Target hormones CRH Increases ACTH Adrenal gland Increases cortisol, DHEA, aldosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone GHRH Increases GH Liver Increases IGF-1 Somatostatin Inhibits GH GnRH Increases…
18 SPEECH AND SWALLOWING THERAPY SPEECH AND SWALLOWING ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH MOVEMENT DISORDERS Speech and swallowing abnormalities occur frequently in patients with movement disorders. The evaluation and treatment of motor…
4 PARKINSON’S DISEASE OVERVIEW OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE James Parkinson wrote and published “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy” in 1817.1 However, in India, paralysis agitans was described under the name…
19 NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS Good nutrition is essential to maintain the well-being of individuals with neurological disease. There are several reasons why nutrition is important in movement disorders: Nutrition may impact…
3 PARKINSONISM The cardinal tetrad of parkinsonism includes tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, and postural instability.1 The most common cause of parkinsonism is Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is discussed in Chapters 2…
