Fig. 13.1 (a) A double-decker pedicle screw. (b) A provisional rod is fixed on the two double-decker screws via the top-loading component. (c) A final rod is placed via the…

Fig. 9.1 (a–d) Patient is a 54 + 8-year-old female, previously treated with radiotherapy for spinal cord neuroblastoma as a child, with severe collapsing lumbar kyphoscoliosis. (a) Upright and (b) supine anteroposterior…

(1) Hospital Authority, 5/F, Hospital Authority Building 147B Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China   6.1 Kyphosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis Kyphosis may affect the cervical and thoracolumbar spine. This chapter…

Fig. 8.1 (a, b) Pedicle subtraction osteotomy: Three-column transpedicular vertebral wedge osteotomy, leaving the anterior cortex intact, which acts as a hinge for the closure of wedge defect. The osteotomy…

Fig. 12.1 One-level SPO. A 34-year-old man suffering AS thoracolumbar kyphosis, one-level SPO was performed at L3/L4. Preoperative and postoperative clinical appearances and lateral radiographs were as shown. The SPO…

Fig 15.1 AP and lateral radiographs of a patient thought not to be a good candidate for elective spinal deformity surgery due to her severe debilitative state of having polio…

Fig. 7.1 Smith-Petersen osteotomy (Reproduced with permission from Wiggins GC et al. [26]) Rupture of the aorta or its branches is associated with reduced elasticity of the aorta wall in…

Fig. 21.1 Assessment of thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) Fig. 21.2 Assessment of spinopelvic parameters Measurements of spinal deformity similar to those used in the…

Fig. 11.1 Classification of Congenital Scoliosis Most common cause of congenital scoliosis. Further subclassified as segmented, semisegmented, and nonsegmented (Fig. 11.1). Segmented: still have growth plates both cranially and caudally…

Condition Percentage of neurological deficit Cervical disc prolapse 0.07 Myelopathy 1.38 Thoracic myelopathy 5.59 Lumbar disc prolapse 0.38 Lumbar canal stenosis 0.63 Deformity 2.25 Spinal osteotomies are inherently high-risk surgeries…