Fig. 9.1 Atlantoaxial instability and basilar invagination. (a) Atlantoaxial instability is determined by the atlantodens interval (ADI) and the space available for cord (SAC) (b): basioccipital hypoplasia associated with Chiari…
Fig. 11.1 Surgical staging system for primary spinal tumours according to Weinstein, Boriani and Biagini (WBB). The spinal column and its surrounding soft tissue, the spinal canal with the thecal…
Fig. 19.1 Selective intra-arterial DSA images of the segmental artery at the level of T12 on the right side (a). The vessel originates from the thoracic aorta. After giving off…
Fig. 2.1 Alignment of the cervical spine. The following three lines normally show smooth curves: Anterior vertebral line along the anterior margins of the vertebral bodies. Posterior vertebral line which…
Fig. 12.1 Classification of occipital condyle fractures according to Jeanneret and Anderson and Montesano: (a) Jeanneret type I (Anderson and Montesano type II) fracture is part of a transverse fracture…
Fig. 16.1 Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SCDSC) caused by vitamin B12-deficiency with a clinical history of numbness after 6 months, abdominal sensory level, whereas sense for pain…
Fig. 20.1 (a) Vascularization of the spinal cord. 1 Radiculomedullar artery (syn.: nervomedullar artery); 2 posterior radicular artery; 3 anterior radicular artery; 4 anterior spinal artery (ASA); 5 duplication of…
Fig. 14.1 Topography of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord. Whereas the majority of fibres cross at the level of the decussatio pyramidum, a smaller number of fibres run…
Cervical 30 % Cervicothoracic 25 % Thoracic 29 % Conus 15 % Table 18.2 Intramedullary tumors’ major characteristics Tumor type Incidence Presentation MRI appearance Treatment Outcome Ependymoma Most common intramedullary…
Fig. 5.1 An example of high-resolution CE-MRA in a patient with a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF, more details are given in Chap. 19): a centromedullary edema with faint enhancement…
