62 Pelvic Fixation of the Aging Spine Joseph M. Morreale, Ravi Ramachandran, Jonathan N. Grauer, Peter G. Whang KEY POINTS • Incorporation of the iliac crest into lumbosacral fusions may…

38 Kiva System in the Treatment of Vertebral Osteoporotic Compression Fractures Luis M. Rosales KEY POINTS • The Kiva system is useful for the reduction and the treatment of pathologic…

55 Lumbar Disc Arthroplasty Indications and Contraindications Jessica Shellock, Richard D. Guyer KEY POINTS • Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) is a motion-preserving alternative to lumbar fusion. • The established…

34 Kyphoplasty Eeric Truumees KEY POINTS • Kyphoplasty, like vertebroplasty, is a cement augmentation procedure that is used to restore vertebral body strength and stiffness. • The procedure involves percutaneous…

47 Infections of the Thoracic Spine Daniel J. Hoh, Michael Y. Wang KEY POINTS • The incidence of reported spinal infections is increasing, which is likely to be related to…

2 Applied Anatomy of the Normal and Aging Spine Rajesh G. Arakal, Malary Mani, Ravi Ramachandran KEY POINTS • Cervical disc herniations most often affect the exiting root. • Lumbar…

48 Thoracic Spinal Stenosis Josef B. Simon, Eric J. Woodard KEY POINTS • Thoracic myelopathy can be caused by numerous pathologies such as tumor, disc herniation, and ossification of the…

52 A Case Study Approach to the Role of Spinal Deformity Correction in the Aging Spine Oheneba Boachie-Adjei, Satyajit Marawar KEY POINTS • Primary adult scoliosis: De novo appearance of…

63 Intradiscal Biologics A Potential Minimally Invasive Cure for Symptomatic Degenerative Disc Disease? Rajeev K. Patel KEY POINTS • Biological repair of injured tissues by introducing cell-based tissue replacements, genetic…

45 Treatment of Thoracic Vertebral Fractures Samer Ghostine, Kamal Woods, Shoshanna Vaynman, Ali Shirzadi, Stephen Scibelli, Srinath Samudrala, J. Patrick Johnson KEY POINTS • Stable thoracic vertebral fractures may be…