Biomechanics of the Senescent Spine
8 Biomechanics of the Senescent Spine Boyle C. Cheng KEY POINTS • Not all patients diagnosed with osteoporosis by current bone mineral density levels will experience vertebral fracture, nor will…
NEUROSURGERY
Causes of Premature Aging of the Spine
11 Causes of Premature Aging of the Spine Florence P.S. Mok, Dino Samartzis, Kenneth M.C. Cheung, Jaro Karppinen KEY POINTS • Various age-related factors are involved in the degenerative process…
The Role of Spinal Injections in Treating the Aging Spine
19 The Role of Spinal Injections in Treating the Aging Spine Jason Marchetti KEY POINTS • Understand the indications, contraindications, and current evidence support for commonly performed spinal procedures. •…
Embryology of the Spine
1 Embryology of the Spine Zair Fishkin, John A. Bendo KEY POINTS • Gastrulation is the beginning of organogenesis and the time when the embryo is most susceptible to internal…
Aquatic Physical Therapy
18 Aquatic Physical Therapy Thomas Cesarz, David Speach KEY POINTS • Swimming skill is not required for patients to safely engage in water-based therapies. • Aquatic exercises are generally as…
Spinal Stenosis with Spondylolisthesis
15 Spinal Stenosis with Spondylolisthesis Vincent J. Miele, Sumeet Vadera, Edward C. Benzel KEY POINTS • In the majority of cases patients with spinal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis may undergo…
The Psychology of the Aging Spine, Treatment Options, and Ayurveda as a Novel Approach
7 The Psychology of the Aging Spine, Treatment Options, and Ayurveda as a Novel Approach Frank John Ninivaggi KEY POINTS • Aging denotes progressive chronological thresholds characterized by significant change….
History and Physical Examination of the Aging Spine
5 History and Physical Examination of the Aging Spine Courtney W. Brown, Lonnie E. Loutzenhiser KEY POINTS • Problems affecting the aging spine are a multifactorial degenerative process affecting both…
The Role of Nutrition, Weight, and Exercise on the Aging Spine
6 The Role of Nutrition, Weight, and Exercise on the Aging Spine Kiran F. Rajneesh, G. Ty Thaiyananthan KEY POINTS • Nonpharmacological treatment of back pain is an integral part…
Conservative versus Surgical Treatment and Prognostic Evaluation for Tethered Cord Syndrome
21 Conservative versus Surgical Treatment and Prognostic Evaluation for Tethered Cord Syndrome Shokei Yamada, George T. Mandybur, Austin R. T. Colohan and Vivian A. Yamada This chapter summarizes the previous…
