Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion
• A midline posterior approach is utilized, with dissection performed through the avascular ligamentum nuchae. • Subperiosteal exposure is performed, extending out to the lateral edge of the lateral mass….
NEUROSURGERY
Cervical Surgical Positioning
Anterior Cervical • The head is placed onto a doughnut to maintain its position. A bump or roll is placed horizontally across the scapulae to allow for gentle extension of…
Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
• A lateral fluoroscopic image is used to identify the level in question. • An incision is made 0.5 cm lateral to the midline. • Tubular dilators (18 mm) are…
Open Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
• The inferior articular process (IAP) of the cephalad vertebrae is identified. • Approximately 35% of the medial portion of the IAP is removed to visualize the superior articular process…
2 Physical Examination of the Cervical Spine
Chapter 2PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE CONTENTS I. INSPECTION II. CERVICAL SPINE MOTION TESTS III. RESISTED TESTS IV. NEUROLOGIC EVALUATION V. SPECIAL TESTS Chapter 2PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CERVICAL…
3 Physical Examination of the Thoracic Spine
Chapter 3PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE THORACIC SPINE CONTENTS I. VISUAL EXAMINATION II. DEFORMITY EVALUATION III. PALPATION IV. PERCUSSION V. MOVEMENTS VI. NEUROLOGIC EVALUATION Chapter 3PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE THORACIC SPINE…
4 Physical Examination of the Lumbosacral Spine
Chapter 4PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE LUMBOSACRAL SPINE CONTENTS I. INSPECTION II. PALPATION III. MOVEMENTS IV. TESTS V. NEUROLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE LUMBAR SPINE: L1-L3 VI. NEUROLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE LUMBAR…
1 The Fundamentals
Chapter 1THE FUNDAMENTALS CONTENTS I. BASIC ANATOMY OF THE SPINE II. BASIC NEUROLOGY OF THE SPINE III. SENSATION TESTING IV. MUSCLE TESTING V. MUSCLE GRADING VI. CLASSIFICATIONS OF MUSCLE GRADING…
Responsive (Closed-Loop) Stimulation
19 Responsive (Closed-Loop) Stimulation Robert E. Wharen Jr. Partial epilepsy represents the most prevalent type of epilepsy, accounting for ~60% of cases overall and 90% of adult incident cases. Nearly…
Vagus Nerve Stimulation
16 Vagus Nerve Stimulation Uzma Samadani and Gordon H. Baltuch Vagal nerve stimulation was first reported as potentially having efficacy in three out of four seizure patients in 1990,1 and…
